Tag: long covid vs ME/CFS

Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract:

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) triggers the development of numerous pathologies and infection-linked complications and exacerbates existing pathologies in nearly all body systems. Aside from the primarily targeted respiratory organs, adverse SARS-CoV-2 effects were observed in nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal/metabolic, immune, and other systems in COVID-19 survivors. Long-term effects of this viral infection have been recently observed and represent distressing sequelae recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a distinct clinical entity defined as post-COVID-19 condition. Considering the pandemic is still ongoing, more time is required to confirm post COVID-19 condition diagnosis in the COVID-19 infected cohorts, although many reported post COVID-19 symptoms overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Aims of Review: In this study, COVID-19 clinical presentation and associated post-infection sequelae (post-COVID-19 condition) were reviewed and compared with ME/CFS symptomatology.

Key Scientific Concepts of Review: The onset, progression, and symptom profile of post COVID-19 condition patients have considerable overlap with ME/CFS. Considering the large scope and range of pro-inflammatory effects of this virus, it is reasonable to expect development of post COVID-19 clinical complications in a proportion of the affected population. There are reports of a later debilitating syndrome onset three months post COVID-19 infection (often described as long-COVID-19), marked by the presence of fatigue, headache, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance, and dyspnoea. Acute inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Longitudinal monitoring of post COVID-19 patients is warranted to understand the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathomechanism of post COVID-19 condition.

Source: Sukocheva OA, Maksoud R, Beeraka NM, Madhunapantula SV, Sinelnikov M, Nikolenko VN, …. and Marshall-Gradisnik S. Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.  Journal of Advanced Research, Available online 26 November 2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123221002320  (Full text)

Long-term outcomes of pediatric infections: from traditional infectious diseases to long covid

Abstract:

There is limited evidence available on the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. In this article, the authors analyze the recent evidence on pediatric long covid and lessons learnt from a pediatric post-covid unit in Rome, Italy. To gain a better understanding of the concerns raised by parents and physicians in relation to the potential long-term consequences of this novel infection, it is important to recognize that long-term effect of a post-infectious disease is not a new phenomenon.

Source: Buonsenso D, Di Gennaro L, Rose C, Morello R, D’Ilario F, Zampino G, Piazza M, Boner AL, Iraci C, O’Connell S, Cohen VB, Esposito S, Munblit D, Reena J, Sigfrid L, Valentini P. Long-term outcomes of pediatric infections: from traditional infectious diseases to long covid. Future Microbiol. 2022 Mar 10:10.2217/fmb-2022-0031. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0031. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35264003; PMCID: PMC8910780.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8910780/ (Full text)

Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS

Abstract

Purpose of Review: To discuss emerging understandings of adolescent long COVID or post-COVID-19 conditions, including proposed clinical definitions, common symptoms, epidemiology, overlaps with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and orthostatic intolerance, and preliminary guidance on management.

Recent Findings: The recent World Health Organization clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition requires a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms starting within 3 months of the onset of COVID-19. Symptoms must last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis.

Common symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition include, but are not limited to, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms generally have an impact on everyday functioning.

The incidence of prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection has proven challenging to define, but it is now clear that those with relatively mild initial infections, without severe initial respiratory disease or end-organ injury, can still develop chronic impairments, with symptoms that overlap with conditions like ME/CFS (profound fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction, and orthostatic intolerance).

Summary: We do not yet have a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which individuals develop post-COVID-19 conditions. There may be several distinct types of long COVID that require different treatments.

At this point, there is no single pharmacologic agent to effectively treat all symptoms. Because some presentations of post-COVID-19 conditions mimic disorders such as ME/CFS, treatment guidelines for this and related conditions can be helpful for managing post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Source: Morrow, A.K., Malone, L.A., Kokorelis, C. et al. Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS. Curr Pediatr Rep (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-022-00261-4  (Full text)

Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

Abstract:

Background: Fatigue, exertion intolerance and post-exertional malaise are among the most frequent symptoms of Post-COVID Syndrome (PCS), with a subset of patients fulfilling criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). As SARS-CoV-2 infects endothelial cells, causing endotheliitis and damaging the endothelium, we investigated endothelial dysfunction (ED) and endothelial biomarkers in patients with PCS.

Methods: We studied the endothelial function in 30 PCS patients with persistent fatigue and exertion intolerance as well as in 15 age- and sex matched seronegative healthy controls (HCs). 14 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. The other patients were considered to have PCS. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed by the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) in patients and HCs. In a larger cohort of patients and HCs, including post-COVID reconvalescents (PCHCs), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Endocan (ESM-1), IL-8, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 were analysed as endothelial biomarkers.

Results: Five of the 14 post-COVID ME/CFS patients and five of the 16 PCS patients showed ED defined by a diminished RHI (< 1.67), but none of HCs exhibited this finding. A paradoxical positive correlation of RHI with age, blood pressure and BMI was found in PCS but not ME/CFS patients. The ET-1 concentration was significantly elevated in both ME/CFS and PCS patients compared to HCs and PCHCs. The serum Ang-2 concentration was lower in both PCS patients and PCHCs compared to HCs.

Conclusion: A subset of PCS patients display evidence for ED shown by a diminished RHI and altered endothelial biomarkers. Different associations of the RHI with clinical parameters as well as varying biomarker profiles may suggest distinct pathomechanisms among patient subgroups.

Source: Haffke M, Freitag H, Rudolf G, Seifert M, Doehner W, Scherbakov N, Hanitsch L, Wittke K, Bauer S, Konietschke F, Paul F, Bellmann-Strobl J, Kedor C, Scheibenbogen C, Sotzny F. Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). J Transl Med. 2022 Mar 22;20(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03346-2. PMID: 35317812. https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-022-03346-2 (Full text)

Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS

Abstract:

Purpose of review: To discuss emerging understandings of adolescent long COVID or post-COVID-19 conditions, including proposed clinical definitions, common symptoms, epidemiology, overlaps with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and orthostatic intolerance, and preliminary guidance on management.

Recent findings: The recent World Health Organization clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition requires a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms starting within 3 months of the onset of COVID-19. Symptoms must last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition include, but are not limited to, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms generally have an impact on everyday functioning. The incidence of prolonged symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection has proven challenging to define, but it is now clear that those with relatively mild initial infections, without severe initial respiratory disease or end-organ injury, can still develop chronic impairments, with symptoms that overlap with conditions like ME/CFS (profound fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction, and orthostatic intolerance).

Summary: We do not yet have a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which individuals develop post-COVID-19 conditions. There may be several distinct types of long COVID that require different treatments. At this point, there is no single pharmacologic agent to effectively treat all symptoms. Because some presentations of post-COVID-19 conditions mimic disorders such as ME/CFS, treatment guidelines for this and related conditions can be helpful for managing post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00261-4.

Source: Morrow AK, Malone LA, Kokorelis C, Petracek LS, Eastin EF, Lobner KL, Neuendorff L, Rowe PC. Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS. Curr Pediatr Rep. 2022 Mar 9:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s40124-022-00261-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35287333; PMCID: PMC8906524. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8906524/ (Full text)

Lessons from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome for Long COVID: Postexertional Symptom Exacerbation is an Abnormal Response to Exercise/Activity

Prolonged symptoms after infection with the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-COV-2) are an emerging challenge to individual patients, society, and clinicians. In a previous post on the JOSPT Blog, we identified several lessons from research and clinical practice in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) that are important lessons for long COVID. The purpose of this post is to discuss the phenomenon of postexertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) and its clinical identification to recognize the potential onset of long COVID.

Data from a large international web-based patient survey indicate substantial symptom overlap between postacute SARS-COV-2 infection (long COVID) and ME/CFS at 6 months following the onset of first symptoms. Three quarters of respondents noted disabling fatigue and over half noted cognitive dysfunction.4 A unique finding of this survey was that 75% of respondents noted PESE, which is a worsening of symptoms after activity/exercise.4 PESE is foundational to the diagnosis of ME/CFS and it is common with long COVID.4,5 This observation suggests we can further extend lessons from ME/CFS to develop our understanding of long COVID.

Read the rest of this article HERE.

Source: Todd E. Davenport Staci R. Stevens Jared Stevens Christopher R. Snell J. Mark Van Ness. Lessons from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome for Long COVID: Postexertional Symptom Exacerbation is an Abnormal Response to Exercise/Activity. Published online on February 2, 2022 https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.blog.20220202

Oral Minocycline Challenge as a Potential First-Line Therapy for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Long Covid-19 Syndrome

Abstract:

Chronic fatigue syndrome characterized by severe disabling fatigue, prolonged post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep markedly reduces the activities of daily living and impairs the quality of life.

Central nervous system dysfunction associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) has been postulated as the main cause of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Recently, oral minocycline therapy has been reported to exert favorable therapeutic effects in some patients with ME, especially in the initial stage of the disease, although many patients discontinued treatment in the first few days because of acute adverse effects such as nausea and/or dizziness.

Minocycline appeared to exert a variety of biologic actions against neural inflammation that are independent of their anti-microbial activity, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects.

In recent years, it has been noted that COVID-19 disease may cause persistent signs and symptoms described as post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, in which the clinical presentation is remarkably similar to those seen in patients with ME.

A wide range of infectious agents have been suggested to trigger the development of ME, and one of such pathogens may be the COVID-19 virus.

Recently, I had a valuable experience of a 22-year-old female patient with a 14-month duration of long COVID who completely recovered from ME-like symptoms after treatment with minocycline. This case suggests that oral minocycline could be an effective first-line therapy for long COVID-19, although a large scale of trial is obviously needed to justify the therapy.

Source: Miwa K. Oral Minocycline Challenge as a Potential First-Line Therapy for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Long Covid-19 Syndrome. Ann Clin Med Case Rep. 2022; V8(7): 1-4 https://acmcasereport.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ACMCR-v8-1710.pdf  (Full article available as PDF file)

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome post coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been the most impactful infectious disease in the 21st century. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly increased the number of patients and deaths worldwide. Long-course diseases related to COVID-19, which present with persistent reparatory distress or fatigue (so-called long COVID) have been reported in adult and pediatric patients since the latter half of 2020. Long-COVID is observed as a persistent symptom after the acute phase of the disease.1 Recent research suggested that it can present with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).2 We report a case of long COVID to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding this disease, which has not been well investigated in children.

A 14-year-old boy with well controlled asthma, controlled by a long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta-agonist, and corticosteroid inhaler, was admitted to our hospital for severe fatigue and appetite loss. He suffered from COVID-19 diagnosed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 90 days prior to hospitalization. He presented with a low-grade fever, mild cough, dysgeusia, and dysosmia. He was placed under quarantine in a hotel room for 6 days. His low-grade fever and mild cough resolved after 10 days, while the dysgeusia and dysosmia disappeared within a month. He presented with gradually progressive upper limb muscle weakness, severe fatigue, and difficulty concentrating (so-called “brain fog”) 20 days before hospitalization (70 days after the onset of COVID-19). He was unable to commute to attend junior high school. Three days before hospitalization, the patient did not eat due to appetite loss. He received oral prednisolone (20 mg/day) and Kanpō medicine (Rikkun-shito and Hotyu-ekkito). However, his symptoms were not relieved, and the patient was hospitalized. At the time of hospitalization, he did not present with fever, dyspnea, or desaturation. Physical examination revealed an upper limb strength of grade 4 on manual muscle testing, but the tendon reflexes or sensory/motor nerve abnormalities were not noted in the extremities. Blood tests revealed normal white blood cell and C-reactive protein levels. Epstein–Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies and antinuclear antibodies were not detected. The 10 min standing test revealed an increase of 52 heartbeats after standing at an upright position (from 81 to 133 beats/min). The patient was diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). After the test, the patient complained of worsening fatigue, suggesting post-exertional malaise (PEM), a specific characteristic of ME/CFS. Based on the clinical course and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with ME/CFS due to long-COVID. Oral prednisolone was discontinued, while the Kanpō medicine was continued. The patient then developed alopecia. Meanwhile, his muscle weakness and fatigue were alleviated by activity restriction due to hospitalization. On the 14th day of admission, he was discharged because his appetite improved, and he was referred to a hospital that specifically tended to chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Neither brain imaging nor electroencephalography were performed throughout the patient’s hospitalization.

The National Institute for Health Research in England classified long-COVID into four categories, namely, post-ICU syndrome, long-term organ damage, post-viral syndrome, and an entirely novel syndrome.3 Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is typical of post-viral syndromes in adults, and similar cases have also been reported in children.4 Females are more likely to suffer from the disease, but males could also be affected. The exacerbation of symptoms upon exertion is known as PEM; avoiding extensive work is the essential aspect of ME/CFS management.5 In this case, the patient’s muscle fatigue and weakness dramatically improved with activity restriction due to hospitalization. This strategy may be useful for treating the severe exacerbation of ME/CFS. Chronic fatigue syndrome is diagnosed based on the persistence of symptoms for more than 6 months.2 This implies that patients have to wait for 6 months to be diagnosed with ME/CFS. Thus, new diagnostic criteria, specifically for ME/CFS due to COVID, are required to allow early intervention. Petracek et al. reported that POTS might be an early sign of COVID-induced ME/CFS,4 POTS is considered to be a viable diagnostic criterion. To prepare for a surge of pediatric ME/CFS, the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the disease should be standardized, and physicians need to know about or recognize the disease.

Read more HERE.

Source: Kusama Y, Fukui S, Maruyama M, Kamimura K, Maihara T. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome post coronavirus disease 2019. Pediatr Int. 2022 Jan;64(1):e14976. doi: 10.1111/ped.14976. PMID: 35143110. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ped.14976 (Full text)

Pediatric Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Overlaps and Opportunities

David Spodick once wrote: “We must view published material critically (if not biblically), for too often the ‘Conclusions’ giveth, but the ‘Materials and Methods’ taketh away.” In the December 2021 issue of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal, Zimmermann et al provide a masterful application of Spodick’s exhortation. Their review of the existing evidence regarding long COVID in children enumerates important methodologic challenges in interpreting this literature, including the heterogeneity of available case definitions for long COVID, differences in the time intervals in which symptoms are ascertained, variability regarding which symptoms are included under the rubric of long COVID, and whether laboratory confirmation of the initial COVID infection is required. Additionally, the authors emphasize that without control groups in many of these studies, and in light of the overlap of some long COVID symptoms with symptoms of prolonged social isolation, it is difficult to discern which symptoms are attributable to the general pandemic circumstances rather than the COVID-19 infection itself. Despite such limitations, it is clear that pediatric patients are at risk for prolonged symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although many persistent symptoms, such as anosmia, dysgeusia and shortness of breath are unique to the post-COVID state, many other symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, lightheadedness and postexertional malaise overlap with symptoms found in myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). In this commentary, we review case definitions for long COVID and ME/CFS, emphasize recent research findings on the biologic basis of ME/CFS, discuss the overlap with long COVID, and consider opportunities posed by the pandemic to improve the understanding of both conditions

Read the rest of this article HERE.

Source: Siberry VGR, Rowe PC. Pediatric Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Overlaps and Opportunities. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 Feb 4. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003477. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35121715. https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Citation/9000/Pediatric_Long_COVID_and_Myalgic.95546.aspx (Full text)

Orthostatic Symptoms and Reductions in Cerebral Blood Flow in Long‐Haul COVID‐19 Patients: Similarities with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: Symptoms and hemodynamic findings during orthostatic stress have been reported in both long-haul COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), but little work has directly compared patients from these two groups. To investigate the overlap in these clinical phenotypes, we compared orthostatic symptoms in daily life and during head-up tilt, heart rate and blood pressure responses to tilt, and reductions in cerebral blood flow in response to orthostatic stress in long-haul COVID-19 patients, ME/CFS controls, and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: We compared 10 consecutive long-haul COVID-19 cases with 20 age- and gender-matched ME/CFS controls with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) during head-up tilt, 20 age- and gender-matched ME/CFS controls with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response to head-up tilt, and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Identical symptom questionnaires and tilt test procedures were used for all groups, including measurement of cerebral blood flow and cardiac index during the orthostatic stress.
Results: There were no significant differences in ME/CFS symptom prevalence between the long-haul COVID-19 patients and the ME/CFS patients. All long-haul COVID-19 patients developed POTS during tilt. Cerebral blood flow and cardiac index were more significantly reduced in the three patient groups compared with the healthy controls. Cardiac index reduction was not different between the three patient groups. The cerebral blood flow reduction was larger in the long-haul COVID-19 patients compared with the ME/CFS patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response.
Conclusions: The symptoms of long-haul COVID-19 are similar to those of ME/CFS patients, as is the response to tilt testing. Cerebral blood flow and cardiac index reductions during tilt were more severely impaired than in many patients with ME/CFS. The finding of early-onset orthostatic intolerance symptoms, and the high pre-illness physical activity level of the long-haul COVID-19 patients, makes it unlikely that POTS in this group is due to deconditioning. These data suggest that similar to SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 infection acts as a trigger for the development of ME/CFS.
Source: Campen CMCv, Rowe PC, Visser FC. Orthostatic Symptoms and Reductions in Cerebral Blood Flow in Long-Haul COVID-19 Patients: Similarities with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Medicina. 2022; 58(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010028  (Full text)