Tag: women

Mild COVID-19 infection associated with post-COVID-19 condition after 3 months – a questionnaire survey

Abstract:

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, can lead to post-COVID-19 condition, a secondary syndrome of persistent and new post-acute symptoms, but evidence on this syndrome is still scarce.

Methods: In a questionnaire survey, residents of the city of Bremen (Germany) with verified SARS-CoV-2 infection were invited to answer questions (online questionnaire or interview) concerning symptoms experienced at the time of infection and at the time of questionnaire completion at least three months later. Main outcome of the analysis was the presence of a post-COVID-19 condition at the time of the interview, defined as the presence of at least two of three leading symptoms: fatigue, breathing difficulties, or cognitive problems.

Results: A post-COVID-19 condition was more likely to be reported if respondents had, at the time of infection, suffered from fatigue (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.06), breathing difficulties (OR 4.02; 95% CI: 2.80, 5.77), cognitive symptoms (OR 2.98; 95% CI: 1.48, 6.02), or head- & bone aches (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.42). The odds of developing a post-COVID-19 condition increased with the number of symptoms at infection. Females were more likely to report a post-COVID-19 condition (OR 1.54; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.24). Analyzing only non-hospitalized respondents changed results only slightly.

Conclusion: Our study adds to growing evidence that even a mild course of COVID-19 poses a risk for developing a post-COVID-19 condition. Females and those with initial symptoms including fatigue, breathing difficulties, and cognitive symptoms seem more likely to also experience post COVID-19 symptoms several months after infection.

KEY MESSAGES

Even a mild course of COVID-19 poses a risk for developing a post-COVID-19 condition.

Females seem more likely to develop a post-COVID-19 condition.

Those with initial symptoms including fatigue, breathing difficulties, and cognitive symptoms seem more likely to develop a post-COVID-19 condition.

Source: Rach S, Kühne L, Zeeb H, Ahrens W, Haug U, Pohlabeln H. Mild COVID-19 infection associated with post-COVID-19 condition after 3 months – a questionnaire survey. Ann Med. 2023 Dec;55(1):2226907. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2226907. PMID: 37337723; PMCID: PMC10283437. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10283437/ (Full text)

Long COVID in the Long Run-23-Month Follow-up Study of Persistent Symptoms

Abstract:

Symptoms of long coronavirus disease (COVID) were found in 38% of 170 patients followed for a median of 22.6 months. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue, affected taste and smell, and difficulties remembering and concentrating. Predictors for long COVID were older age and number of symptoms in the acute phase. Long COVID may take many months, maybe years, to resolve.

Source: Helmsdal G, Hanusson KD, Kristiansen MF, Foldbo BM, Danielsen ME, Steig BÁ, Gaini S, Strøm M, Weihe P, Petersen MS. Long COVID in the Long Run-23-Month Follow-up Study of Persistent Symptoms. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Jun 6;9(7):ofac270. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac270. PMID: 35891696; PMCID: PMC9308378. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9308378/ (Full text)

The association between the number of symptoms and the severity of Post-COVID-Fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in an outpatient setting

Abstract:

Background: Post-COVID-Fatigue (PCF) is one of the most reported symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, research on persistent symptoms focuses mainly on severe infections, while outpatients are rarely included in observations.

Objective: To investigate whether the severity of PCF is related to the number of acute and persistent symptoms due to mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and to compare the most common symptoms during acute infection with the persistent symptoms in PCF patients.

Methods: A total of 425 participants were examined after COVID-19 treated as an outpatient (median 249 days [IQR: 135; 322] after acute disease) at the site of University Hospital Augsburg, Germany. The Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) was used to quantify the severity of PCF. The number of symptoms (maximum 41) during acute infection and persistent symptoms (during the last 14 days before examination) were added up to sum scores. Multivariable linear regression models were used to show the association between the number of symptoms and PCF.

Results: Of the 425 participants, 37% (n = 157) developed PCF; most were women (70%). The median number of symptoms was significantly higher in the PCF group than in the non-PCF group at both time points. In multivariable linear regression models, both sum scores were associated with PCF (acute symptoms: β-estimate per additional symptom [95%-CI]: 0.48 [0.39; 0.57], p < 0.0001); persistent symptoms: β-estimate per additional symptom [95%-CI]: 1.18 [1.02; 1.34], p < 0.0001). The acute symptoms strongest associated with PCF severity were difficulty concentrating, memory problems, dyspnea or shortness of breath on exertion, palpitations, and problems with movement coordination.

Conclusion: Each additional symptom that occurs in COVID-19 increases the likelihood of suffering a higher severity of PCF. Further research is needed to identify the aetiology of PCF.

Source: Schmidbauer L, Kirchberger I, Goßlau Y, Warm TD, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. The association between the number of symptoms and the severity of Post-COVID-Fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in an outpatient setting. J Neurol. 2023 May 23:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11752-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37219607; PMCID: PMC10204671. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204671/ (Full text)

First study results of the P4O2 long COVID cohort

Abstract:

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the acute phase of COVID-19 may be followed by persistent symptoms. However, the impact of COVID-19 on long-term health outcomes remains to be elucidated.

Aims: The Precision Medicine for more Oxygen (P4O2) COVID-19 study aims to identify long COVID patients that are that are at risk for developing chronic lung disease and to identify treatable traits and innovative personalized therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment. This study describes the baseline characteristics of the P4O2 COVID-19 cohort.

Methods: Long COVID patients were recruited from 5 different hospitals in The Netherlands at 3-6 months post-COVID. Data from medical records and biological samples were collected, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography scans were performed and questionnaires were administered during 2 study visits.

Results: 95 long COVID patients were enrolled between May 2021 and September 2022. Study participants were aged 54.2 years on average and of female sex in 49.5% of all cases. Most patients were hospitalized(89.5%) for COVID-19 with a mean hospital stay duration of 8 days. The current study showed persistence of clinical symptoms and signs of pulmonary function test/radiological abnormalities in long COVID patients(81%). The most frequently reported symptom categories were respiratory(80%) and fatigue(69.5%). Both female sex and infection with the Delta, compared with the Beta, SARS-CoV-2 variant were significantly associated with more persisting symptoms.

Conclusions: The first descriptive results of the P4O2 COVID-19 cohort show that long COVID patients show signs of radiological/functional abnormalities and can suffer from a wide range of persisting symptoms.

Source: N Baalbaki, J Blankestijn, M Abdel-Aziz, J De Backer, S Bazdar, I Beekers, R Beijers, J Van Den Bergh, L Bloemsma, H J Bogaard, J Van Bragt, V Van Den Brink, J P Charbonnier, M Cornelissen, Y Dagelet, E H Davies, A Van Der Does, G Downward, C Van Drunen, D Gach, M Geelhoed, J Glastra, K Golebski, I Heijink, J Holtjer, S Holverda, L Houweling, J Jacobs, R Jonker, R Kos, R Langen, I Van Der Lee, A Leliveld, F Mohamed Hoesein, A Neerincx, L Noij, J Olsson, M Van De Pol, S Pouwels, E Rolink, M Rutgers, H Șahin, D Schaminee, A Schols, L Schuurman, P Skipp, G Slingers, O Smeenk, B Sondermeijer, M Tamarit, I Verkouter, R Vermeulen, R De Vries, E Weersink, M Van De Werken, Y De Wit-Van De Wijck, S Young, E Nossent, A Maitland-Van Der Zee. ERJ Open Research 2023 9: 68; DOI: 10.1183/23120541.LSC-2023.68 https://openres.ersjournals.com/content/9/suppl_10/68

 

Cardiopulmonary testing in long COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 patients with undifferentiated Dyspnea on exertion

Abstract:

Background: Dyspnea and fatigue are characteristics of long SARS-CoV-2 (COVID)-19. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be used to better evaluate such patients.

Research question: How significantly and by what mechanisms is exercise capacity impaired in patients with long COVID who are coming to a specialized clinic for evaluation?

Study design and methods: We performed a cohort study using the Mayo Clinic exercise testing database. Subjects included consecutive long COVID patients without prior history of heart or lung disease sent from the Post-COVID Care Clinic for CPET. They were compared to a historical group of non-COVID patients with undifferentiated dyspnea also without known cardiac or pulmonary disease. Statistical comparisons were performed by t-test or Pearson’s chi2 test controlling for age, sex, and beta blocker use where appropriate.

Results: We found 77 patients with long COVID and 766 control patients. Long COVID patients were younger (47 ± 15 vs 50 ± 10 years, P < .01) and more likely female (70% vs 58%, P < .01). The most prominent difference on CPETs was lower percent predicted peak V̇O2 (73 ± 18 vs 85 ± 23%, p < .0001). Autonomic abnormalities (resting tachycardia, CNS changes, low systolic blood pressure) were seen during CPET more commonly in long COVID patients (34 vs 23%, P < .04), while mild pulmonary abnormalities (mild desaturation, limited breathing reserve, elevated V̇E/V̇CO2) during CPET were similar (19% in both groups) with only 1 long COVID patient showing severe impairment.

Interpretation: We identified severe exercise limitation among long COVID patients. Young women may be at higher risk for these complications. Though mild pulmonary and autonomic impairment were common in long COVID patients, marked limitations were uncommon. We hope our observations help to untangle the physiologic abnormalities responsible for the symptomatology of long COVID.

Source: Contreras AM, Newman DB, Cappelloni L, Niven AS, Mueller MR, Ganesh R, Squires RW, Bonikowske AR, Allison TG. Cardiopulmonary testing in long COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 patients with undifferentiated Dyspnea on exertion. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 May 19:S0033-0620(23)00053-1. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.05.005. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37211198; PMCID: PMC10198738. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10198738/ (Full text)

Socioeconomic inequalities of Long COVID: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom

Abstract:

Objectives: To estimate the risk of Long COVID by socioeconomic deprivation and to further examine the inequality by sex and occupation.

Design: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey between 26 April 2020 and 31 January 2022. This is the largest nationally representative survey of COVID-19 in the UK with longitudinal data on occupation, COVID-19 exposure and Long COVID.

Setting: Community-based survey in the UK.

Participants: A total of 201,799 participants aged 16 to 64 years and with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Main outcome measures: The risk of Long COVID at least 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection by index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and the modifying effects of socioeconomic deprivation by sex and occupation.

Results: Nearly 10% (n = 19,315) of participants reported having Long COVID. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for a range of variables (demographic, co-morbidity and time), showed that participants in the most deprived decile had a higher risk of Long COVID (11.4% vs. 8.2%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 1.59) compared to the least deprived decile. Significantly higher inequalities (most vs. least deprived decile) in Long COVID existed in healthcare and patient-facing roles (aOR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.44), in the education sector (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.16) and in women (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73) than men (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.51).

Conclusions: This study provides insights into the heterogeneous degree of inequality in Long COVID by deprivation, sex and occupation. These findings will help inform public health policies and interventions in incorporating a social justice and health inequality lens.

Source: Shabnam S, Razieh C, Dambha-Miller H, Yates T, Gillies C, Chudasama YV, Pareek M, Banerjee A, Kawachi I, Lacey B, Morris EJ, White M, Zaccardi F, Khunti K, Islam N. Socioeconomic inequalities of Long COVID: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. J R Soc Med. 2023 May 10:1410768231168377. doi: 10.1177/01410768231168377. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37164035. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01410768231168377 (Full text)

Impaired health-related quality of life in long-COVID syndrome after mild to moderate COVID-19

Abstract:

A growing number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections experience long-lasting symptoms. Even patients who suffered from a mild acute infection show a variety of persisting and debilitating neurocognitive, respiratory, or cardiac symptoms (Long-Covid syndrome), consequently leading to limitations in everyday life. Because data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is scarce, we aimed to characterize the impact of Long-Covid symptoms after a mild or moderate acute infection on HRQoL.

In this observational study, outpatients seeking counseling in the interdisciplinary Post-Covid consultation of the University Hospital Zurich with symptoms persisting for more than 4 weeks were included. Patients who received an alternative diagnosis or suffered from a severe acute Covid-19 infection were excluded. St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Euroquol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), and the Short form 36 (SF-36) were distributed to assess HRQoL. 112 patients were included, 86 (76.8%) were female, median (IQR) age was 43 (32.0, 52.5) years with 126 (91, 180) days of symptoms.

Patients suffered frequently from fatigue (81%), concentration difficulties (60%), and dyspnea (60%). Patients mostly stated impairment in performing usual activities and having pain/discomfort or anxiety out of the EQ-5D-5L. EQ index value and SGRQ activity score component were significantly lower in females. SF-36 scores showed remarkably lower scores in the physical health domain compared to the Swiss general population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Long-Covid syndrome has a substantial impact on HRQoL. Long-term surveillance of patients must provide clarity on the duration of impairments in physical and mental health.

Trial registration: The study is registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04793269.

Source: Malesevic S, Sievi NA, Baumgartner P, Roser K, Sommer G, Schmidt D, Vallelian F, Jelcic I, Clarenbach CF, Kohler M. Impaired health-related quality of life in long-COVID syndrome after mild to moderate COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2023 May 12;13(1):7717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34678-8. PMID: 37173355; PMCID: PMC10175927. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10175927/ (Full text)

Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID

Abstract:

Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, or Long COVID, is a prevailing second pandemic with nearly 100 million affected individuals globally and counting. We propose a visual description of the complexity of Long COVID and its pathogenesis that can be used by researchers, clinicians, and public health officials to guide the global effort toward an improved understanding of Long COVID and the eventual mechanism-based provision of care to afflicted patients. The proposed visualization or framework for Long COVID should be an evidence-based, dynamic, modular, and systems-level approach to the condition.

Furthermore, with further research such a framework could establish the strength of the relationships between pre-existing conditions (or risk factors), biological mechanisms, and resulting clinical phenotypes and outcomes of Long COVID. Notwithstanding the significant contribution that disparities in access to care and social determinants of health have on outcomes and disease course of long COVID, our model focuses primarily on biological mechanisms. Accordingly, the proposed visualization sets out to guide scientific, clinical, and public health efforts to better understand and abrogate the health burden imposed by long COVID.

Source: Perumal R, Shunmugam L, Naidoo K, Abdool Karim SS, Wilkins D, Garzino-Demo A, Brechot C, Parthasarathy S, Vahlne A, Nikolich JŽ. Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID. Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 20;14:1117464. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117464. PMID: 37153597; PMCID: PMC10157068. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10157068/ (Full text)

Contesting misrecognition online: Experiences of epistemic in/justice by vloggers with contested illnesses

Abstract:

Contested illnesses, such as fibromyalgia, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and chronic Lyme disease (CLD), are surrounded by polemic debates regarding their etiology, symptomology, treatment, and even their existence. People who suffer from these contested illnesses arguably also suffer from “epistemic injustice.” This concept, coined by the philosopher Miranda Fricker, captures how people’s knowledge may be discredited because of identity prejudices. In our paper, this concept is used to understand how seven Dutch women with contested illnesses experience the emancipatory potential of their vlogging practices.

Our findings show how these women understood their vlogging as a means to break with epistemic smothering, understood as the propensity to cater ones testimony to one’s audience (Dotson, 2011), and as a means to attain and enhance epistemic justice. However, our findings also show how vlogging about contested illnesses did not seem to allow these women to fully break with their epistemic smothering practices, and that the ableist design and gendered norms of YouTube were experienced as obstacles to attaining epistemic justice. We conclude that, even though social media do seem to hold emancipatory potential for these women, the experiences of individual users are diverse and ambiguous.

Source: Groenevelt IPI, de Boer MLM. Contesting misrecognition online: Experiences of epistemic in/justice by vloggers with contested illnesses. Soc Sci Med. 2023 May 7;327:115951. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115951. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37182295. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953623003088?via%3Dihub (Full text)

Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study

Abstract:

Background: People with myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) daily experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment or brain fog. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding their pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age.

Methods: DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Their detailed questionnaire responses provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate illness severity, onset, course and duration.

Results: The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females’ comorbidities and symptoms tend to be more numerous than males’. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity.  Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an identified infectious onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known.

Conclusions: This revealed that people with a ME/CFS diagnosis are not a homogeneous group, as clear differences exist in symptomatology and comorbidity.

Source: Bretherick AD, McGrath SJ, Devereux-Cooke A et al. Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. NIHR Open Res 2023, 3:20 https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13421.1 (Full text)