2004 – American ME and CFS Society

Continuous measurement of BRSI in chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract:

This paper discusses the development of a system to measure continuous cardiac baroreceptor measurement during a 45-minute 70-degree head-up tilt (HUT) of five groups of subjects suffering the following: chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), CFS with fibromyalgia (CFS-FM), CFS with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (CFS-POTS), controls with POTS (CON-POTS), and controls (CON). The duration of the test was 56-minutes, which included a five-minute supine baseline, a 45-minute HUT and a six-minute recovery period. The system was developed in LabView, and can provide a comparative time analyses of weighted BRSI averages. Baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) was also investigated over the course of lags 0, 1 and 2 as well as an assessment of overall BEI performance between groups.

Source: Donnelly DL, Rockland RH, Reisman SS, Quigley KS. Continuous measurement of BRSI in chronic fatigue syndrome. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;2:906-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17271825

A case with chronic fatigue syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody followed by postpartum thyroiditis

Abstract:

Autoimmune fatigue syndrome (AIFS) is defined by chronic nonspecific complaints, a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) assay, and the absence of another explanation for the complaints. Some severe cases fulfill the criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). CFS is a syndrome characterized by disabling severe fatigue and defined by the criteria proposed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this report, a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome and positive ANA assay was described as having developed postpartum thyroiditis 5 years after the onset. Sub-chemical hypothyroidism is characterized by clinical hypothyroidism not meeting biochemical criteria but showing evidence of thyroid autoimmunity. The relation between AIFS and sub-chemical hypothyroidism is discussed.

Source: Itoh Y, Hamada H, Igarashi T, Kuwabara N, Imai T, Fujino O, Fukunaga Y. A case with chronic fatigue syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody followed by postpartum thyroiditis. Mod Rheumatol. 2004;14(5):406-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143702

Sleep quality and psychological adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract:

Without specific etiology or effective treatment, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains a contentious diagnosis. Individuals with CFS complain of fatigue and poor sleep–symptoms that are often attributed to psychological disturbance.

To assess the nature and prevalence of sleep disturbance in CFS and to investigate the widely presumed presence of psychological maladjustment we examined sleep quality, sleep disorders, physical health, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and psychological adjustment in three samples. individuals with CFS; a healthy control group; and individuals with a definite medical diagnosis: narcolepsy. Outcome measures included physiological evaluation (polysomnography), medical diagnosis, structured interview, and self-report measures.

Results indicate that the CFS sample had a very high incidence (58%) of previously undiagnosed primary sleep disorder such as sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and restless legs/periodic limb movement disorder. They also had very high rates of self-reported insomnia and nonrestorative sleep.

Narcolepsy and CFS participants were very similar on psychological adjustment: both these groups had more psychological maladjustment than did control group participants. Our data suggest that primary sleep disorders in individuals with CFS are underdiagnosed in primary care settings and that the psychological disturbances seen in CFS may well be the result of living with a chronic illness that is poorly recognized or understood.

Source: Fossey M, Libman E, Bailes S, Baltzan M, Schondorf R, Amsel R, Fichten CS. Sleep quality and psychological adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Behav Med. 2004 Dec;27(6):581-605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15669445

Gastric emptying is slow in chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of these symptoms and explore their relationship with objective (radionuclide) studies of upper GI function.

METHODS: Thirty-two (32) patients with CFS and 45 control subjects completed a questionnaire on upper GI symptoms, and the 32 patients underwent oesophageal clearance, and simultaneous liquid and solid gastric emptying studies using radionuclide techniques compared with historical controls.

RESULTS: The questionnaires showed a significant difference in gastric (p > 0.01) symptoms and swallowing difficulty. Nocturnal diarrhoea was a significant symptom not previously reported.5/32 CFS subjects showed slightly delayed oesophageal clearance, but overall there was no significant difference from the control subjects, nor correlation of oesophageal clearance with symptoms. 23/32 patients showed a delay in liquid gastric emptying, and 12/32 a delay in solid gastric emptying with the delay significantly correlated with the mean symptom score (for each p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: GI symptoms in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome are associated with objective changes of upper GI motility.

Source: Burnet RB, Chatterton BE. Gastric emptying is slow in chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2004 Dec 26;4:32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544348/ (Full article)

Neuropsychiatric sequelae of Nipah virus encephalitis

Abstract:

The authors followed nine patients with Nipah virus encephalitis over the course of 24 months. Eight of the nine developed psychiatric features assigned to the encephalitis. Three patients developed major depressive disorder immediately after recovering from the encephalitis, and two developed depression approximately 1 year after the outbreak. Two patients developed personality changes, and two suffered chronic fatigue syndrome.

Neuropsychological testing was accomplished in eight of the nine patients. Deficits in attention, verbal, and/or visual memory were substantial in seven of the eight patients tested. Verbal memory was more impaired than visual memory in these patients. Comparison between psychiatric and cognitive impairment and total number of brain lesions showed no discernible trends.

Source: Ng BY, Lim CC, Yeoh A, Lee WL. Neuropsychiatric sequelae of Nipah virus encephalitis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 Fall;16(4):500-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616178

Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review

Abstract:

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a relatively unknown and underdiagnosed entity in Italy where its epidemiology remains uncertain, as well as its etiology, although it causes important disability in those affected. Classification criteria by Fukuda are available to diagnose the syndrome. Its epidemiology indicates that it is probably more frequent in Northern countries and it is described in Gulf War veterans. Etiological hypotheses include infectious diseases, immunology and neurology. Among these hypotheses sickness behavior mimes certain aspects of this syndrome and is characterized by a cytokine imbalance in the central nervous system and in the periphery. There are no valid therapies available at the moment. In the laboratory of Immunogenetics, we are constituting a biological bank of the syndrome to study the immunogenetic aspects of the disease in the hope of elucidating some of the obscure areas of its etiopathogenesis.

Source: Carlo-Stella N, Lorusso L, Candura SM, Cuccia M. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review. Recenti Prog Med. 2004 Nov;95(11):546-52; quiz 560. [Article in Italian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598093

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome are being ignored

Comment on: What causes chronic fatigue syndrome? [BMJ. 2004]

Editor—Earlier this year more than 28, 000 people signed a petition calling for urgent government funded research into the physical causes of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Such is the frustration of people who do not believe that their views are being listened to by the medical establishment.

So White’s editorial reviewing the possible causes of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome should be welcome news.1 But is it?

Many doctors support the idea of a disease model with predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. However, White does not offer any innovative suggestions as to how this could be used to better understand an illness that now covers a wide variety of clinical presentations and an equally diverse range of patho-physiological findings. Having created this mess, the medical profession must now accept that this heterogeneous group of patients is unlikely to have the same pathoaetiology and respond to the same form of treatment, be it pharmacological or behavioural.

What is needed is thought provoking research that dispenses with the oversimplistic view that myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome entail little more than a vicious circle of abnormal illness beliefs and behaviour, inactivity, and deconditioning. The World Health Organization now classifies both myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome as neurological disorders in section G93.3 of ICD-10. The time has come to look at the neurology of central fatigue—instead of pouring yet more money into the bottomless pit of psychological research.

You can read the rest of this article here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535506/

Source: Shepherd C. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome are being ignored. BMJ. 2004 Dec 11;329(7479):1405. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535506/ (Full article)

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and cortisol in both menstrual phases of women with chronic fatigue syndrome and effect of depressive mood on these hormones

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease which defined as medically unexplained, disabling fatigue of 6 months or more duration and often accompanied by several of a long list of physical complaints. We aimed to investigate abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones and cortisol concentrations in premenopausal women with CFS and find out effects of depression rate on these hormones.

METHODS: We examined follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone and cortisol concentrations in 43 premenopausal women (mean age: 32.86 +/- 7.11) with CFS and compared matched 35 healthy controls (mean age: 31.14 +/- 6.19). Patients were divided according to menstrual cycle phases (follicular and luteal) and compared with matched phase controls. Depression rate was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and patients with high BDI scores were compared to patients with low BDI scores.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone levels in both of menstrual phases of patients versus controls. Cortisol levels were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences in all hormone levels in patients with high depression scores versus patients with low depression scores.

CONCLUSION: In spite of high depression rate, low cortisol concentration and normal HPG axis hormones of both menstrual phases are detected in premenopausal women with CFS. There is no differentiation between patients with high and low depression rate in all hormone levels. Depression condition of CFS may be different from classical depression and evaluation of HPG and HPA axis should be performed for understanding of pathophysiology of CFS and planning of treatment.

Source: Cevik R, Gur A, Acar S, Nas K, Sarac AJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and cortisol in both menstrual phases of women with chronic fatigue syndrome and effect of depressive mood on these hormones. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004 Dec 8;5:47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539265/ (Full article)

Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial

Erratum in: BMJ. 2005 Apr 9;330(7495):820.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents aged 10-17 years with chronic fatigue syndrome.

DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial.

SETTING: Department of child psychology.

PARTICIPANTS: 71 consecutively referred patients with chronic fatigue syndrome; 36 were randomly assigned to immediate cognitive behaviour therapy and 35 to the waiting list for therapy.

INTERVENTION: 10 sessions of therapy over five months. Treatment protocols depended on the type of activity pattern (relatively active or passive). All participants were assessed again after five months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fatigue severity (checklist individual strength), functional impairment (SF-36 physical functioning), and school attendance.

RESULTS: 62 patients had complete data at five months (29 in the immediate therapy group and 33 on the waiting list). Patients in the therapy group reported significantly greater decrease in fatigue severity (difference in decrease on checklist individual strength was 14.5, 95% confidence interval 7.4 to 21.6) and functional impairment (difference in increase on SF-36 physical functioning was 17.3, 6.2 to 28.4) and their attendance at school increased significantly (difference in increase in percentage school attendance was 18.2, 0.8 to 35.5). They also reported a significant reduction in several accompanying symptoms. Self reported improvement was largest in the therapy group.

CONCLUSION: Cognitive behaviour therapy is an effective treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents.

Comment in: Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: data are insufficient and conclusion inappropriate. [BMJ. 2005]

Source: Stulemeijer M, de Jong LW, Fiselier TJ, Hoogveld SW, Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2005 Jan 1;330(7481):14. Epub 2004 Dec 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539840/ (Full article)