Tag: systemic inflammation

Inflammation From Peripheral Organs to the Brain: How Does Systemic Inflammation Cause Neuroinflammation?

Abstract:

As inflammation in the brain contributes to several neurological and psychiatric diseases, the cause of neuroinflammation is being widely studied. The causes of neuroinflammation can be roughly divided into the following domains: viral infection, autoimmune disease, inflammation from peripheral organs, mental stress, metabolic disorders, and lifestyle. In particular, the effects of neuroinflammation caused by inflammation of peripheral organs have yet unclear mechanisms.

Many diseases, such as gastrointestinal inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), trigger neuroinflammation through several pathways. The mechanisms of action for peripheral inflammation-induced neuroinflammation include disruption of the blood-brain barrier, activation of glial cells associated with systemic immune activation, and effects on autonomic nerves via the organ-brain axis. In this review, we consider previous studies on the relationship between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, focusing on the brain regions susceptible to inflammation.

Source: Sun Y, Koyama Y, Shimada S. Inflammation From Peripheral Organs to the Brain: How Does Systemic Inflammation Cause Neuroinflammation? Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jun 16;14:903455. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.903455. PMID: 35783147; PMCID: PMC9244793. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244793/ (Full text)

Long COVID: systemic inflammation and obesity as therapeutic targets

Management of the post-COVID-19 condition—often referred to as long COVID—is a challenge for health-care professionals because of the heterogeneity and complexity of its clinical manifestations and the probable need for multidisciplinary management approaches. Identification and understanding of modifiable determinants associated with manifestations of long COVID would help in the adaptation of treatment pathways for particular phenotypes. In The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, the PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group report the latest results from the UK-based, multicentre, prospective Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study, in which the investigators identified systemic inflammation and obesity as factors that might be associated with long COVID, representing potentially treatable traits in people with more severe post-COVID-19 symptoms.

In the current report, the PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group found increased levels of several biomarkers related to systemic inflammation and lung damage in individuals with more severe physical and mental health impairments 1 year after hospital discharge. The presence of increased levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers (eg, cytokines) in individuals with severe acute COVID-19 has been reported previously. Moreover, the use of anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids or interleukin-6 (IL-6)-blocking agents has been found to be associated with positive outcomes in patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19.

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Source: Florencio LL, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Long COVID: systemic inflammation and obesity as therapeutic targets. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Apr 22:S2213-2600(22)00159-X. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00159-X. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35472305; PMCID: PMC9034853. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9034853/ (Full text)