herpes – American ME and CFS Society

Abstract:

Autoimmunity and chronic viral infections are recurrent clinical observations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), a complex disease with an unknown cause. Given these observations, the regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) show promise to be good candidates for the underlying pathology due to their capacity to suppress the immune responses against both self and microbial antigens. Here, we discussed the overlooked role of these cells in the chronicity of Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6), Herpes Simplex 1 (HSV1), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as often reported as triggers of ME/CFS.

Using simulations of the cross-regulation model for the dynamics of Tregs, we illustrated that mild infections might lead to a chronically activated immune responses under control of Tregs if the responding clone has a high autoimmune potential. Such infections promote persistent inflammation and possibly fatigue. We then hypothesized that ME/CFS is a condition characterized by a predominance of this type of infections under control of Tregs. In contrast, healthy individuals are hypothesized to trigger immune responses of a virus-specific clone with a low autoimmune potential.

According to this hypothesis, simple model simulations of the CD4+ T-cell repertoire could reproduce the increased density and percentages of Tregs observed in patients suffering from the disease, when compared to healthy controls. A deeper analysis of Tregs in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS will help to assess the validity of this hypothesis.

Source: Sepúlveda N, Carneiro J, Lacerda E, Nacul L. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as a Hyper-Regulated Immune System Driven by an Interplay Between Regulatory T Cells and Chronic Human Herpesvirus Infections. Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 21;10:2684. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02684. eCollection 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883905/ (Full article)

Abstract:

The relationship of herpesviruses to chronic fatigue syndrome has received considerable attention over the past decade. Data suggesting an association fall into three major categories.

First, among acute precipitants of the syndrome are primary infections with some herpesviruses, most notably Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.

Second, a series of studies have detailed elevations of antibodies to most herpesviruses in selected chronic fatigue syndrome populations, with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes type 6 being the objects of most scrutiny.

Third, one recent study reported a greater ease of recovery of human herpes virus type 6 from chronic fatigue syndrome patients. This review article critically examines the cumulative data regarding an association between one or more herpesviruses and the chronic fatigue syndrome in the context of the known biology and epidemiology of these agents.

In view of these, and additional considerations regarding study methodologies, the conclusion is drawn that herpesviruses are not dominant causes of the chronic fatigue syndrome and may not even be necessary to the perpetuation of the illness, but it is premature to dismiss entirely this latter possibility.

Source: Straus SE. Studies of herpesvirus infection in chronic fatigue syndrome. Ciba Found Symp. 1993;173:132-9; discussion 139-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8387907