Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), a condition first reported in France in 1998, is defined by the presence of a stereotyped and immunologically active lesion at deltoid muscle biopsy . It was recently demonstrated that this lesion is an indicator of long-term persistence of the immunologic adjuvant aluminum hydroxide within the cytoplasm of macrophages at the site of previous intramuscular (IM) injection. MMF is typically detected in patients with diffuse arthromyalgias that have appeared subsequent to aluminum hydroxide administration in the absence of a clearly defined anatomic substratum. Patients also report unexplained chronic fatigue. These manifestations are reminiscent of the so-called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a poorly understood condition manifesting as disabling fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbance, impaired concentration, and headaches. The present study was conducted to determine the proportion of MMF patients fulfilling international criteria for CFS.
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Source: Authier FJ, Sauvat S, Champey J, Drogou I, Coquet M, Gherardi RK. Chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Feb;48(2):569-70. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.10740/full (Full article)